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In music, heterophony is a type of texture characterized by the simultaneous variation of a single melodic line. Such a texture can be regarded as a kind of complex monophony in which there is only one basic melody, but realized at the same time in multiple voices, each of which plays the melody differently, either in a different rhythm or tempo, or with various embellishments and elaborations ...
The most common texture in Western music: melody and accompaniment. Multiple voices of which one, the melody, stands out prominently and the others form a background of harmonic accompaniment. If all the parts have much the same rhythm, the homophonic texture can also be described as homorhythmic.
In music, homorhythm (also homometer) is a texture having a "similarity of rhythm in all parts" [2] or "very similar rhythm" as would be used in simple hymn or chorale settings. [3] Homorhythm is a condition of homophony. [2] All voices sing the same rhythm. This texture results in a homophonic texture, which is a blocked chordal texture.
Lining out first appears in 17th century Britain when literacy rates were low and books were expensive. [1] [2] Precenting the line was characterised by a slow, drawn-out heterophonic and often profusely ornamented melody, while a clerk or precentor (song leader) chanted the text line by line before it was sung by the congregation.
This corresponds to the view that gamelan music is heterophonic: the balungan is then the melody which is being elaborated. "An abstraction of the inner melody felt by musicians," [4] the balungan is, "the part most frequently notated by Javanese musicians, and the only one likely to be used in performance." [5]
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Homophony began by appearing in sacred music, replacing polyphony and monophony as the dominant form, but spread to secular music, for which it is one of the standard forms today. Composers known for their homophonic work during the Baroque period include Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, and Johann Sebastian Bach.
The Dapper Dans barbershop quartet, at Disneyland's Main Street, USA WPA poster, 1936. Barbershop vocal harmony is a style of a cappella close harmony, or unaccompanied vocal music, characterized by consonant four-part chords for every melody note in a primarily homorhythmic texture.