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  2. Square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square

    The diagonals of a square are (about 1.414) times the length of a side of the square. This value, known as the square root of 2 or Pythagoras' constant, [1] was the first number proven to be irrational. A square can also be defined as a parallelogram with equal diagonals that bisect the angles.

  3. Diagonal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal

    A regular hexagon has nine diagonals: the six shorter ones are equal to each other in length; the three longer ones are equal to each other in length and intersect each other at the center of the hexagon. The ratio of a long diagonal to a side is 2, and the ratio of a short diagonal to a side is . A regular heptagon has 14 diagonals. The seven ...

  4. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    Geometrically, the square root of 2 is the length of a diagonal across a square with sides of one unit of length; this follows from the Pythagorean theorem. It was probably the first number known to be irrational. [1] The fraction ⁠ 99 / 70 ⁠ (≈ 1.4142857) is sometimes used as a good rational approximation with a reasonably small denominator.

  5. Diagonal matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonal_matrix

    A square diagonal matrix is a symmetric matrix, so this can also be called a symmetric diagonal matrix. The following matrix is square diagonal matrix: [] If the entries are real numbers or complex numbers, then it is a normal matrix as well. In the remainder of this article we will consider only square diagonal matrices, and refer to them ...

  6. Quadrilateral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrilateral

    An equivalent condition is that opposite sides are parallel (a square is a parallelogram), and that the diagonals perpendicularly bisect each other and are of equal length. A quadrilateral is a square if and only if it is both a rhombus and a rectangle (i.e., four equal sides and four equal angles).

  7. Main diagonal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_diagonal

    For a square matrix, the diagonal (or main diagonal or principal diagonal) is the diagonal line of entries running from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner. [1] [2] [3] For a matrix with row index specified by and column index specified by , these would be entries with =.

  8. Equidiagonal quadrilateral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equidiagonal_quadrilateral

    In Euclidean geometry, an equidiagonal quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose two diagonals have equal length. Equidiagonal quadrilaterals were important in ancient Indian mathematics , where quadrilaterals were classified first according to whether they were equidiagonal and then into more specialized types.

  9. Trace (linear algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_(linear_algebra)

    If a 2 x 2 real matrix has zero trace, its square is a diagonal matrix. The trace of a 2 × 2 complex matrix is used to classify Möbius transformations. First, the matrix is normalized to make its determinant equal to one. Then, if the square of the trace is 4, the corresponding transformation is parabolic.