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The Republic of China (ROC) began as a sovereign state in mainland China [f] on 1 January 1912 following the 1911 Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial history. From 1927, the Kuomintang (KMT) reunified the country and ruled it as a one-party state ("Dang Guo") and made Nanjing the national
The history of the Republic of China began in 1912 with the end of the Qing dynasty, when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord ...
In this article, "China" refers to the modern territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (which controls Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan area). For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems.
Chinese Rites controversy: The Kangxi Emperor banned Christian missions in China. 1722: 20 December: The Kangxi Emperor died. 27 December: The Kangxi Emperor's son the Yongzheng Emperor became emperor of the Qing dynasty. 1725: The Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China was completed. 1729: Opium criminalized in China. 1732: Jiang Tingxi ...
Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945 (1982). Cohen, Warren I. America's Response to China: A History of Sino-American Relations (5th ed. 2010) Dreyer, Edward L. China at War, 1901-1949 (1995). 422 pp. Dulles, Foster Rhea. China and America: The Story of Their Relations Since 1784 (1981), general survey
1945: Republic of China begins administrating Taiwan. Per treaty, the United States of America is the principal occupying power and the ROC/KMT is a subordinate occupying power. 1945: Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance. 1946: Second Kuomintang-Communist Civil War begins.
The Republic of China president is called 總統 (Zǒngtǒng, "President"), and from 1912–1928, 大總統 (Dàzǒngtǒng, "Grand President"). Since 1949, the de facto territory of the ROC is reduced to Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the former previously ruled by Japan from 1895 to 1945, no longer governing mainland China.
The history of the People's Republic of China details the history of mainland China since 1 October 1949, when CCP chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China (PRC) from atop Tiananmen, after a near complete victory (1949) by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in the Chinese Civil War.