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The acid-growth hypothesis is a theory that explains the expansion dynamics of cells and organs in plants. It was originally proposed by Achim Hager and Robert Cleland in 1971. [1] [2] They hypothesized that the naturally occurring plant hormone, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), induces H + proton extrusion into the apoplast.
Acid growth refers to the ability of plant cells and plant cell walls to elongate or expand quickly at low (acidic) pH. The cell wall needs to be modified in order to maintain the turgor pressure. This modification is controlled by plant hormones like auxin. Auxin also controls the expression of some cell wall genes. [1]
The concentration in each position is crucial developmental information, so it is subject to tight regulation through both metabolism and transport. The result is the auxin creates "patterns" of auxin concentration maxima and minima in the plant body, which in turn guide further development of respective cells, and ultimately of the plant as a ...
Intracellular pH is typically lower than extracellular pH due to lower concentrations of HCO 3 −. [9] A rise of extracellular (e.g., serum) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2) above 45 mmHg leads to formation of carbonic acid, which causes a decrease of pH i as it dissociates: [10]
The nitric acid flush of meltwater may cause a sharp, short term, decrease in the drainage water pH entering groundwater and surface waters. [7] The decrease in pH can solubilize Al 3+ that is toxic to fish, [8] especially newly-hatched fry with immature gill systems through which they pass large volumes of water to obtain O 2 for respiration ...
The gibberellins are named GA 1 through GA n in order of discovery. [5] Gibberellic acid, which was the first gibberellin to be structurally characterized, is GA 3. [6] As of 2020, [5] there are 136 GAs identified from plants, fungi, and bacteria. [1] [6] [5] Gibberellins are tetracyclic diterpene acids. There are two classes, with either 19 or ...
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Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions [1] that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night.