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The American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) standards for ACQ require a retention of 0.15 lb/cu ft (2.4 kg/m 3) for above ground use and 0.40 lb/cu ft (6.4 kg/m 3) for ground contact. Chemical Specialties, Inc (CSI, now Viance) received U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award in 2002 for ...
Slowdown in radial growth rates can occur without slowdown in corresponding cross-sectional area or volume growth. For example, research by Leverett [ 24 ] has shown that even older white pine trees continue to add significant wood volumes, with 11 monitored trees on average adding 11.9 cubic feet (0.34 m 3 ) annually.
In LVL, the direction of the wood grain is always parallel to the length of the billet. [6] The stacking of these veneers into a complete board, called a billet, creates a single piece of LVL sharing a common direction of wood grain. [1] LVL is typically rated by the manufacturer for elastic modulus and allowable bending stress.
The wood moisture content is above 25% on a dry-weight basis; The environment is sufficiently warm; Oxygen (O 2) is present; Wood with less than 25% moisture (dry weight basis) can remain free of decay for centuries. Similarly, wood submerged in water may not be attacked by fungi if the amount of oxygen is inadequate. Fungi lumber/timber ...
CLT-plate with three layers made from spruce. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a subcategory of engineered wood [1] panel product made from gluing together at least three layers [2] of solid-sawn lumber (i.e. lumber cut from a single log). [3]
Timber design or wood design is a subcategory of structural engineering that focuses on the engineering of wood structures. Timber is classified by tree species (e.g., southern pine, douglas fir, etc.) and its strength is graded using numerous coefficients that correspond to the number of knots, the moisture content, the temperature, the grain ...
A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick yielded the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. [5] [6]Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to determine when a wooden object was created.
Pulpwood can be defined as timber that is ground and processed into a fibrous pulp. It is a versatile natural resource commonly used for paper-making but also made into low-grade wood and used for chips, energy, pellets, and engineered products. [1] Harvesting a stand of eucalyptus pulpwood in Australia. Pulpwood can be derived from most types ...