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As described in the explanation of the First Degree Tracing Board, in Emulation and other Masonic rituals the rough ashlar is a stone as taken directly from the quarry, and allegorically represents the Freemason prior to his initiation; a smooth ashlar (or "perfect ashlar") is a stone that has been smoothed and dressed by the experienced ...
The beads were integrated in Native American jewelry using various beadwork techniques. Trade beads were also used by early Europeans to purchase African resources, [2] including slaves in the African slave trade. Aggry beads are a particular type of decorated glass bead from Ghana. The practice continued until the early twentieth century.
From its Indian origins, glass beads spread as far as Africa and Japan, sailing with the monsoon winds, hence their being referred to as 'trade wind beads'. [19] The most common compositional type, representing 40% of the glass finds for the region, is known as mineral soda-alumina glass [ 20 ] and is found from the 4th century BC to the 16th ...
Cambridge Glass; Carr Lowrey Glass Company; Chance Brothers; Chandos Glass Cone; Cheshire Crown Glass Company; Clayton and Bell; Crystal City, Missouri; Dugan Glass Company; Dunbar Glass; Duncan & Miller Glass Company; Earley and Company; Edward Ford Plate Glass Company; Fenton Glass Company; Fostoria Glass Company; Fostoria Shade and Lamp ...
There are a number of masonic manuscripts that are important in the study of the emergence of Freemasonry.Most numerous are the Old Charges or Constitutions.These documents outlined a "history" of masonry, tracing its origins to a biblical or classical root, followed by the regulations of the organisation, and the responsibilities of its different grades.
Lampworked dichroic glass bead showing thin film application Furnace glass beads. A variant of the wound glass bead making technique, and a labor-intensive one, is what is traditionally called lampworking. In the Venetian industry, where very large quantities of beads were produced in the 19th century for the African trade, the core of a ...
The tale of a little girl being gifted a nutcracker for Christmas (who then comes to life and defends her honor from a giant mouse no less!) reinforced the enduring link between the toy soldier ...
The History of Freemasonry, Vol. 6 (Masonic History Co., NY, 1898) pages 1485-1486 online membership by state 1898 Weisberger, R. William et al. Freemasonry on Both Sides of the Atlantic: Essays concerning the Craft in the British Isles, Europe, the United States, and Mexico (2002), 969pp