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  2. Cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics

    Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs. It is concerned with general principles that are relevant across multiple contexts, [1] including in ecological, technological, economic, biological, cognitive and social systems and also in practical activities such as designing, [2] learning, and managing.

  3. Sociocybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociocybernetics

    Cybernetics, according to Wiener's definition, is the science of "control and communication in the animal and the machine". Heinz von Foerster went on to distinguish a first order cybernetics, "the study of observed systems", and a second order cybernetics, "the study of observing systems".

  4. Conversation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_theory

    The form not the content of the theories (conversation theory and interactions of actors theory) return to and is congruent with the forms of physical theories; such as wave particle duality (the set theoretic unfoldment part of conversation theory is a radiation and its reception is the interpretation by the recipient of the descriptions so ...

  5. Self-organization in cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organization_in...

    The theory is applicable to all organizationally closed or homeostatic processes that produce enduring and coherent products (where spins have a fixed average phase relationship and also in the sense of Nicholas Rescher's coherence theory of truth with the proviso that the sets and their members exert repulsive forces at their boundaries ...

  6. Psycho-Cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycho-Cybernetics

    Psycho-Cybernetics is a self-help book written by American writer Maxwell Maltz in 1960. [1] Motivational and self-help experts in personal development, including Zig Ziglar , Tony Robbins , Brian Tracy have based their techniques on Maxwell Maltz.

  7. Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics:_Or_Control...

    Cybernetics became a surprise bestseller and was widely read beyond the technical audience that Wiener had expected. In response he wrote The Human Use of Human Beings in which he further explored the social and psychological implications in a format more suited to the non-technical reader.

  8. Magoroh Maruyama - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magoroh_Maruyama

    Magoroh Maruyama is the author of over a hundred publications. [3] The subjects of his research include cybernetics, systems science, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, sociology, social change, business management, architectural design and urban planning. [4]

  9. Second-order cybernetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_cybernetics

    Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where "the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western ...