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Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.
Nitrogen and bismuth, despite both being pnictogens, are very different in their physical properties. For instance, at STP nitrogen is a transparent non-metallic gas, while bismuth is a silvery-white metal. [12] The densities of the pnictogens increase towards the heavier pnictogens. Nitrogen's density is 0.001251 g/cm 3 at STP. [12]
In the periodic table of the elements, each column is a group. In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) [1] is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered.
Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless, and relatively inert diatomic gas with a density of 1.251 × 10 −3 g/cm 3 (marginally heavier than air). It condenses to a colourless liquid at −195.795 °C and freezes into an ice- or snow-like solid at −210.00 °C.
In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements (sometimes called the representative elements) whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements.
The f-block groups are ignored in this numbering. [22] Groups can also be named by their first element, e.g. the "scandium group" for group 3. [22] Previously, groups were known by Roman numerals. In the United States, the Roman numerals were followed by either an "A" if the group was in the s-or p-block, or a "B" if the group was in the d-block.
In the context of the periodic table a nonmetal is a chemical element that mostly lacks distinctive metallic properties. They range from colorless gases like hydrogen to shiny crystals like iodine. Physically, they are usually lighter (less dense) than elements that form metals and are often poor conductors of heat and electricity.
The reactivity of a functional group can be modified by other functional groups nearby. Functional group interconversion can be used in retrosynthetic analysis to plan organic synthesis. A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties, regardless of the other atoms in the molecule.