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Although postmodern criticism and thought drew on philosophical ideas from early on, "postmodernism" was only introduced to the expressly philosophical lexicon by Jean-François Lyotard in his 1979 [c] The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. This work served as a catalyst for many of the subsequent intellectual debates around the term.
Postmodernity (post-modernity or the postmodern condition) is the economic or cultural state or condition of society which is said to exist after modernity. [nb 1] Some schools of thought hold that modernity ended in the late 20th century – in the 1980s or early 1990s – and that it was replaced by postmodernity, and still others would extend modernity to cover the developments denoted by ...
Postmodern philosophy is a philosophical movement that arose in the second half of the 20th century as a critical response to assumptions allegedly present in modernist philosophical ideas regarding culture, identity, history, or language that were developed during the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment.
Suggested dates for the shift from modern to postmodern include 1914 in Europe, [10] and 1962 [11] or 1968 [12] in America. James Elkins , commenting on discussions about the exact date of the transition from modernism to postmodernism, compares it to the discussion in the 1960s about the exact span of mannerism and whether it should begin ...
Theories of the Postmodern: 55–66. Surrealism Without the Unconscious: 67–96. Spatial Equivalents in the World System: 97–129. Reading and the Division of Labor: 131–153. Utopianism After the End of Utopia: 154–180. Immanence and Nominalism in Postmodern Theoretical Discourse: 181–259. Postmodernism and the Market: 260–278.
In 1995, the landscape architect and urban planner Tom Turner issued a book-length call for a post-postmodern turn in urban planning. [13] Turner criticizes the postmodern credo of "anything goes" and suggests that "the built environment professions are witnessing the gradual dawn of a post-Postmodernism that seeks to temper reason with faith."
Arthur Danto argues explicitly in After the End of Art that contemporaneity was the broader term, and that postmodern objects represent a subsector of the contemporary movement which replaced modernity and modernism, while other notable critics: Hilton Kramer, [1] Robert C. Morgan, Kirk Varnedoe, [2] Jean-François Lyotard and others have ...
Another action in 1917 that is of note was the armistice signed between Russia and the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk. [43] As a condition for peace, the treaty by the Central Powers conceded huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire, greatly upsetting nationalists and conservatives .