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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid, one of 113 identified cannabinoids in cannabis plants, along with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and accounts for up to 40% of the plant's extract. [17] Medically, it is an anticonvulsant used to treat multiple forms of epilepsy. [4]
H4CBD (hydrogenated CBD, tetrahydrocannabidiol) is a cannabinoid that was first synthesized by Alexander R. Todd in 1940 derived from the catalytic hydrogenation of cannabidiol. [ 1 ] H2-CBD and 8,9-dihydrocannabidiol have also been referred to as "hydrogenated CBD", which may cause confusion.
Despite the CBD and THC having the same molecular weight, multiple analytical methods are able to differentiate them. [11] "on the recovery of both THC (86.7−90.0%) and CBD (92.3−95.6%). The slightly lower recovery of THC can be explained by the fact that THC is less polar than CBD and more likely to remain in the nonpolar sunflower oil." [11]
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CBD shares a precursor with THC and is the main cannabinoid in CBD-dominant Cannabis strains. CBD has been shown to play a role in preventing the short-term memory loss associated with THC. [29] There is tentative evidence that CBD has an anti-psychotic effect, but research in this area is limited. [30] [24]
On October 31, 2017, the FDA sent warning letters to four CBD marketers, including Stanley Brothers Social Enterprises, LLC (d/b/a CW Hemp), the producer of Charlotte's Web. They were warned "against making medical claims about cannabidiol (CBD). The agency also took issue with the businesses marketing CBD products as dietary supplements". [43]
The Δ 9 isomer of THCP occurs naturally in cannabis, but in small amounts.A 2021 study reported the content of Δ 9-THCP ranging from 0.0023% to 0.0136% (w/w) (approximately 0.02–0.13 mg/g) without correlation to THC percentage in Δ 9-THC-dominant strains of cannabis; that study failed to detect THCP in CBD-dominant strains.
[10] [14] [15] [16] One estimate put the U.S. CBD market at $2.3 billion to $23 billion by the 2020s, [17] [18] enabled by the 2018 farm bill. U.S. Senator Mitch McConnell was such a proponent of the hemp provision that American Military News reported that McConnell coined the Twitter hashtag #HempFarmBill. [19]