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The benzyl cation or phenylcarbenium ion is the carbocation with formula C 6 H 5 CH + 2; the benzyl anion or phenylmethanide ion is the carbanion with the formula C 6 H 5 CH − 2. None of these species can be formed in significant amounts in the solution phase under normal conditions, but they are useful referents for discussion of reaction ...
This reaction receives its name from the reaction of benzil with potassium hydroxide to form benzilic acid. First performed by Justus von Liebig in 1838, [1] it is the first reported example of a rearrangement reaction. [2] It has become a classic reaction in organic synthesis and has been reviewed many times before.
A modern synthesis involves the reaction of butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, and toluene. [2] Although potassium hydride can also be used as a strong base for preparing potassium salts, benzyl potassium has the advantage of being molecular and hence more fast-acting.
Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol. [ 13 ] Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties.
The reaction process begins with the deprotonation of 2-nitropropane at the α carbon to form a nitronate. This compound then initiates an S N 2 reaction to displace the benzyl halide. Unlike in the nitroaldol reaction , where the deprotonated carbon of the nitroalkyl group is the nucleophilic atom, it is instead an oxygen of the nitro itself ...
Toggle the table of contents. Dibenzyl ether. ... It is prepared by treating benzyl chloride with base. [1] References This page was last edited on 12 June 2023 ...
The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest of the molecule's composition. [1] [2] This enables systematic prediction of chemical reactions and behavior of chemical compounds and the design of chemical synthesis.
In organic chemistry, the Baker–Nathan effect is observed with reaction rates for certain chemical reactions with certain substrates where the order in reactivity cannot be explained solely by an inductive effect of substituents. [1] This effect was described in 1935 by John W. Baker and W. S. Nathan.