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  2. Tsarist autocracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy

    Tsarist autocracy (Russian: царское самодержавие, romanized: tsarskoye samoderzhaviye), also called Tsarism, was an autocracy, a form of absolute monarchy localised with the Grand Duchy of Moscow and its successor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire.

  3. List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states...

    The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European ...

  4. Tsardom of Russia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia

    Nativity Church at Putinki, an example of the 17th-century Russian uzorochye style. Peter the Great (1672–1725), who became ruler in his own right in 1696, brought the Tsardom of Russia, which had little prior contact with Western Europe, into the mainstream of European culture and politics.

  5. List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_predecessors_of...

    This is a list of all present sovereign states in Europe and their predecessors, [1] [2] [3] according to the concept of succession of states. The political borders of Europe are difficult to define. The geographical borders between Europe and Asia are generally agreed to be the Caucasus Mountains, the Ural Mountains, the Bosphorus and the ...

  6. List of Russian monarchs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs

    This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. The list begins with the semi-legendary prince Rurik of Novgorod, sometime in the mid-9th century, and ends with Nicholas II, who abdicated in 1917, and was executed with his family in 1918. Two dynasties have ruled Russia: the Rurikids (862–1598) and Romanovs (from 1613). [1] [2]

  7. Russian Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire

    Peter the Great changed his title from tsar to emperor in order to secure Russia's position in the European states system. [135] While later rulers did not discard the new title, the Russian monarch was commonly known as the tsar or tsaritsa until the imperial system was abolished during the February Revolution of 1917.

  8. List of former monarchies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_monarchies

    This is a list of former monarchies, i.e. monarchies which once existed but have since been abolished. ... Europe. Athens (until 338 BC) Sparta (c. 900 BC–146 BC)

  9. List of socialist states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_socialist_states

    The list is best understood as a list of countries that explicitly claim to be socialist, and it does not reflect the actual economic systems themselves. A combined map of all countries that declared themselves socialist states under any definition at some point in their history, color-coded for the number of years they said they were socialist: