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R-labialization, which should not be confused with the rounding of initial /r/ described above, is a process occurring in certain dialects of English, particularly some varieties of Cockney, in which the /r/ phoneme is realized as a labiodental approximant [ʋ], in contrast to an alveolar approximant [ɹ].
The phenomenon of intrusive R is a reinterpretation [11] [12] of linking R into an r-insertion rule that affects any word that ends in the non-high vowels /ə/, /ɪə/, /ɑː/, or /ɔː/; [13] when such a word is closely followed by another word beginning in a vowel sound, an /r/ is inserted between them, even when no final /r/ was historically ...
Rhotacism (/ ˈ r oʊ t ə s ɪ z əm / ROH-tə-siz-əm) [1] or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.
The loss of postvocalic /r/ in the British prestige standard in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries influenced the American port cities with close connections to Britain, which caused upper-class pronunciation to become non-rhotic in many Eastern and Southern port cities such as New York City, Boston, Alexandria, Charleston, and Savannah. [9]
English: Australian: red [ɹ̠ʷed] 'red' Often labialized. May also be a labialized retroflex approximant. For convenience it is often transcribed r . See Australian English phonology, English phonology, Rhoticity in English and Pronunciation of English /r/. Most American dialects [20] [ɹ̠ʷɛd] ⓘ Received Pronunciation: Igbo [21] rí ...
Rhotacism is a difficulty producing rhotic consonants sounds in the respective language's standard pronunciation. [2] [5] In Czech there is a specific type of rhotacism called rotacismus bohemicus which is an inability to pronounce the specific sound ř /r̝/. [6] Sigmatism is a difficulty of producing /s/, /z/ and similar sounds. [2]
Quite often, r is used in phonemic transcriptions (especially those found in dictionaries) of languages like English and German that have rhotic consonants that are not an alveolar trill. That is partly for ease of typesetting and partly because r is the letter used in the orthographies of such languages.
In most English dialects, there are vowel shifts that affect only vowels before /r/ or vowels that were historically followed by /r/. Vowel shifts before historical /r/ fall into two categories: mergers and splits. Mergers are more common, so most English dialects have fewer vowel distinctions before historical /r/ than in other positions of a ...