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  2. Deletion (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deletion_(genetics)

    In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out during DNA replication.

  3. Deletion mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deletion_mapping

    In genetics and especially genetic engineering, deletion mapping is a technique used to find out the mutation sites within a gene. The principle of deletion mapping involves crossing a strain which has a point mutation in a gene, with multiple strains who each carry a deletion in a different region of the same gene.

  4. List of unsolved problems in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    In cell theory, what is the exact transport mechanism by which proteins travel through the Golgi apparatus? Mechanism of action of drugs. The mechanisms of action of many drugs including lithium , thalidomide and ketamine [ 13 ] are not completely understood.

  5. Gene knockout - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_knockout

    Gene knockout by mutation is commonly carried out in bacteria. An early instance of the use of this technique in Escherichia coli was published in 1989 by Hamilton, et al. [2] In this experiment, two sequential recombinations were used to delete the gene.

  6. Indel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indel

    Indel (insertion-deletion) is a molecular biology term for an insertion or deletion of bases in the genome of an organism. Indels ≥ 50 bases in length are classified as structural variants. [1] [2] In coding regions of the genome, unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, it will produce a frameshift mutation.

  7. Negative selection (natural selection) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_selection...

    This theory implies that purifying selection is more efficient in the haploid stage of the life cycle where fitness effects are more fully expressed than in the diploid stage of the life cycle. Evidence supporting the masking theory has been reported in the single-celled yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . [ 8 ]

  8. Streamlining theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamlining_Theory

    Some mechanisms that are thought to underlie genome streamlining include deletion bias and purifying selection. [1] Deletion bias is the phenomenon in bacterial genomes where the rate of DNA loss is naturally higher than the rate of DNA acquisition. [2] [7] This is a passive process that simply results from the difference in these two rates. [7]

  9. Cell theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_theory

    In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.