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  2. Methane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane

    Methane (US: / ˈ m ɛ θ eɪ n / METH-ayn, UK: / ˈ m iː θ eɪ n / MEE-thayn) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH 4 (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms). It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas.

  3. Covalent bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond

    In organic chemistry, covalent bonding is much more common than ionic bonding. Covalent bonding also includes many kinds of interactions, including σ-bonding, π-bonding, metal-to-metal bonding, agostic interactions, bent bonds, three-center two-electron bonds and three-center four-electron bonds. [2] [3] The term covalent bond dates from 1939 ...

  4. Tetrahedral molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

    In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron.The bond angles are arccos(− ⁠ 1 / 3 ⁠) = 109.4712206...° ≈ 109.5° when all four substituents are the same, as in methane (CH 4) [1] [2] as well as its heavier analogues.

  5. Valence bond theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bond_theory

    Since the nature of the overlapping orbitals are different in H 2 and F 2 molecules, the bond strength and bond lengths differ between H 2 and F 2 molecules. In methane (CH 4), the carbon atom undergoes sp 3 hybridization, allowing it to form four equivalent sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms, resulting in a tetrahedral geometry. Hybridization ...

  6. Van Arkel–Ketelaar triangle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Arkel–Ketelaar_triangle

    Rather, bond types are interconnected and different compounds have varying degrees of different bonding character (for example, covalent bonds with significant ionic character are called polar covalent bonds). Six years later, in 1947, Ketelaar developed van Arkel's idea by adding more compounds and placing bonds on different sides of the triangle.

  7. Hydrocarbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon

    Ball-and-stick model of the methane molecule, CH 4. Methane is part of a homologous series known as the alkanes, which contain single bonds only. In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. [1]: 620 Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides.

  8. Bond length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_length

    In a bond between two identical atoms, half the bond distance is equal to the covalent radius. Bond lengths are measured in the solid phase by means of X-ray diffraction, or approximated in the gas phase by microwave spectroscopy. A bond between a given pair of atoms may vary between different molecules.

  9. Methyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_group

    Different ways of representing a methyl group (highlighted in blue) In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula CH 3 (whereas normal methane has the formula CH 4). In formulas, the group is often abbreviated as Me.