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  2. Plate tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics

    In the 1990s, it was proposed that Martian Crustal Dichotomy was created by plate tectonic processes. [101] Scientists have since determined that it was created either by upwelling within the Martian mantle that thickened the crust of the Southern Highlands and formed Tharsis [102] or by a giant impact that excavated the Northern Lowlands. [103]

  3. Landform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform

    Tectonic plate movement under the Earth can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills. Panorama of Great Smoky Mountains National Park showing physical features of a rolling plain , actually part of a broad valley , distant foothills , and a backdrop of the old, much weathered Appalachian mountain range

  4. Continental collision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_collision

    The continental crust on the downgoing plate is deeply subducted as part of the downgoing plate during collision, defined as buoyant crust entering a subduction zone. An unknown proportion of subducted continental crust returns to the surface as ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic terranes, which contain metamorphic coesite and/or diamond plus or minus unusual silicon-rich garnets and/or ...

  5. Mid-ocean ridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge

    Plate tectonics was a suitable explanation for seafloor spreading, and the acceptance of plate tectonics by the majority of geologists resulted in a major paradigm shift in geological thinking. It is estimated that along Earth's mid-ocean ridges every year 2.7 km 2 (1.0 sq mi) of new seafloor is formed by this process. [50]

  6. Caribbean plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Plate

    This arc was the subject of constant tectonism and sea-level fluctuation, but lasted until the mid-Eocene and intermittently formed a land bridge along the eastern and northern boundaries of the Caribbean plate. [11] What would eventually become present-day Central America, part of the western plate boundary, was still isolated in the Pacific.

  7. Mountain formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_formation

    These processes are associated with large-scale movements of the Earth's crust (tectonic plates). [1] Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain building. [2] The formation of mountains is not necessarily related to the geological structures found on it. [3]

  8. Divergent boundary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundary

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 5 December 2024. Linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources ...

  9. Tectonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonics

    Extensional tectonics is associated with the stretching and thinning of the crust or the lithosphere.This type of tectonics is found at divergent plate boundaries, in continental rifts, during and after a period of continental collision caused by the lateral spreading of the thickened crust formed, at releasing bends in strike-slip faults, in back-arc basins, and on the continental end of ...