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Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject covers topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics and epigenetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to neuroscience: Neuroscience is the scientific study of the structure and function of the nervous system. [1] [2] It encompasses the branch of biology [3] that deals with the anatomy, biochemistry, molecular biology, and physiology of neurons and neural circuits.
He was also one of the first scientists to believe that through chemical means, the vast majority of neurological diseases could be treated, if not cured. [ 2 ] Irvine Page (1901-1991) was an American psychologist that published the first major textbook focusing on neurochemistry in 1937.
Neuropharmacology is a very broad region of science that encompasses many aspects of the nervous system from single neuron manipulation to entire areas of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. To better understand the basis behind drug development, one must first understand how neurons communicate with one another. [citation needed]
Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic , G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal.
Developmental neuroscience – study of the cellular basis of brain development and addresses the underlying mechanisms. Molecular neuroscience – studies the biology of the nervous system with molecular biology, molecular genetics, protein chemistry and related methodologies.
One of the most noticeable results of further research into neurogenetics is a greater knowledge of gene loci that show linkage to neurological diseases. The table below represents a sampling of specific gene locations identified to play a role in selected neurological diseases based on prevalence in the United States. [9] [10] [11] [12]
Associativity becomes a factor because this can be achieved through two simultaneous inputs that may not be strong enough to activate LTP by themselves. Besides the NMDA-receptor based processes, further cellular mechanisms allow of the association between two different input signals converging on the same neuron, in a defined timeframe.