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A chief judge (also known as presiding judge, president judge or principal judge) is the highest-ranking or most senior member of a lower court or circuit court with more than one judge. [1] According to the Federal judiciary of the United States , the chief judge has primary responsibility for the administration of the court.
The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and is the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint "Judges of the supreme Court ...
Some of Chief justice positions around supreme courts of world are translated as Chief judge as following. Chief Judge of Abia State; Chief Judge of the High Court of Hong Kong; Chief Judge of Kaduna State; Chief Judge of Lagos State; Chief Judge of Rivers State; Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak
Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 116 people have served on the Court. The length of service on the Court for the 107 non-incumbent justices ranges from William O. Douglas's 36 years, 209 days to John Rutledge's 1 year, 18 days as associate justice and, separated by a period of years off the Court, his 138 days as chief justice.
The chief judges of these Court of Claims and the CCPA served on the conference until 1982 when their courts merged to become the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. [3] In 1990, Congress provided for the inclusion of the chief judge of the United States Court of International Trade . [ 3 ]
In the United States, a federal judge is a judge who serves on a court established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution.Often called "Article III judges", federal judges include the chief justice and associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit judges of the U.S. Courts of Appeals, district judges of the U.S. District Courts, and judges of the U.S. Court of International Trade.
Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge. [ 13 ] When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status , or declined to serve as chief judge.
The longest serving chief justice was John Marshall, with a tenure of 12,570 days (34 years, 152 days). John Rutledge , who served on the court twice, was both the shortest serving associate justice , with a tenure of 383 days ( 1 year, 18 days), and the shortest serving chief justice, with a tenure of 138 days ( 4 months 16 days).