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Most of them can be detected with iodine solution, giving a red coloration; one distinguishes erythrodextrin (dextrin that colours red) and achrodextrin (giving no colour). White and yellow dextrins from starch roasted with little or no acid are called British gum. A dextrin with α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds
Modified starches are used in practically all starch applications, such as in food products as a thickening agent, stabilizer or emulsifier; in pharmaceuticals as a disintegrant; or as binder in coated paper. They are also used in many other applications. [2] Starches are modified to enhance their performance in different applications.
The modified starches have a wide range of applications in many industries. Applications of starch in non-food sectors include: production of dextrin and adhesives, drilling fluids, biodegradable plastics, gypsum binders and many other. In addition modified starches are used as emulsion stabilizers.
Starch derivatives, such as yellow dextrins, can be modified by addition of some chemicals to form a hard glue for paper work; some of those forms use borax or soda ash, which are mixed with the starch solution at 50–70 °C (122–158 °F) to create a very good adhesive. Sodium silicate can be added to reinforce these formula.
Some types of unmodified native starches start swelling at 55 °C, other types at 85 °C. [3] The gelatinization temperature of modified starch depends on, for example, the degree of cross-linking, acid treatment, or acetylation. Gel temperature can also be modified by genetic manipulation of starch synthase genes. [4]
Resistant starch does not release glucose within the small intestine, but rather reaches the large intestine where it is consumed or fermented by colonic bacteria (gut microbiota). [11] On a daily basis, human intestinal microbiota encounter more carbohydrates than any other dietary component.
Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSHs), also known as polyglycitol syrup (INS 964), are mixtures of several sugar alcohols (a type of sugar substitute). Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates were developed by the Swedish company Lyckeby Starch in the 1960s. [1] The HSH family of polyols is an approved food ingredient in Canada, Japan, and Australia.
A diastase (/ ˈ d aɪ ə s t eɪ z /; from Greek διάστασις, "separation") is any one of a group of enzymes that catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose.For example, the diastase α-amylase degrades starch to a mixture of the disaccharide maltose; the trisaccharide maltotriose, which contains three α (1-4)-linked glucose residues; and oligosaccharides, known as dextrins, that ...