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Emergency free ascent (EFA) is like a controlled emergency swimming ascent without a regulator in the mouth. It is considered unacceptably hazardous for training purposes by some agencies. [6] [7] Emergency swimming ascent (ESA) is a free ascent where the diver swims to the surface at either negative or approximately neutral buoyancy.
The procedures are intended to limit risk of barotrauma of ascent and decompression sickness, while maintaining an efficient ascent profile. One of the most important criteria for a controlled ascent is control of the ascent rate, both during the periods of active ascent (pulls), and periods of staged decompression (stops). [5]
When an unforeseen emergency occurs, the diver, and where relevant, the diving team, must make the best of the situation using the skills, knowledge, intelligence and facilities they have available. Many types of emergency are best avoided simply by not diving in circumstances beyond those in which the diver is known to be competent.
Controlled emergency swimming ascent – Ascent where there may be a small amount of breathing gas which becomes available due to ambient pressure reduction. Cut free from entanglement. Ditch weights to establish buoyancy – Removal of some or all ballast weights to establish neutral or positive buoyancy underwater, or to establish positive ...
Controlled emergency swimming ascent; D. Diver rescue; E. Emergency air sharing; Emergency ascent; Emergency breathing gas sharing; Emergency buoyant ascent;
C. Catastrophic dry suit flooding; Caustic cocktail; Chamber operation; Charging pressure; Checkout dive; Chief of safety; Chief of safety (freediving) Civil liability in recreational diving
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Reserve surface supply cylinder contents are based on the gas requirement for safe ascent from any part of the dive, allowing for reasonably foreseeable delays, and for a rescue by the standby diver. [10] The diver's bailout cylinder should contain adequate gas in case of an emergency at the planned depth.