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Therefore the coefficient of inbreeding of individual G is = (+) = + = %. If the parents of an individual are not inbred themselves, the coefficient of inbreeding of the individual is one-half the coefficient of relationship between the parents. This can be verified in the previous example, as 12.5% is one-half of 25%, the coefficient of ...
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921. The measure is most commonly used in genetics and genealogy.
F IT is the inbreeding coefficient of an individual (I) relative to the total (T) population, as above; F IS is the inbreeding coefficient of an individual (I) relative to the subpopulation (S), using the above for subpopulations and averaging them; and F ST is the effect of subpopulations (S) compared to the total population (T), and is ...
Malecot's coancestry coefficient, , refers to an indirect measure of genetic similarity of two individuals which was initially devised by the French mathematician Gustave Malécot. f {\displaystyle f} is defined as the probability that any two alleles , sampled at random (one from each individual), are identical copies of an ancestral allele.
For two alleles, the chi-squared goodness of fit test for Hardy–Weinberg proportions is equivalent to the test for inbreeding, =. The inbreeding coefficient is unstable as the expected value approaches zero, and thus not useful for rare and very common alleles.
The crucial overview equation comes from Sewall Wright, [13]: 99, 130 [37] and is the outline of the inbred genotypic variance based on a weighted average of its extremes, the weights being quadratic with respect to the inbreeding coefficient. This equation is:
In clinical genetics, consanguinity is defined as a union between two individuals who are related as second cousins or closer, with the inbreeding coefficient (F) equal or higher than 0.0156, where (F) represents the proportion of genetic loci at which the child of a consanguineous couple might inherit identical gene copies from both parents. [25]
The extent of this excess can be quantified as the inbreeding coefficient, F. Individuals can be clustered into K subpopulations. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] The degree of population structure can then be calculated using F ST , which is a measure of the proportion of genetic variance that can be explained by population structure.