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Figure 2 - Failure probability and target service life in performance-based service life models for reinforced concrete structures. Performance-based approaches provide for a real design of durability, based on models describing the evolution in time of degradation processes, and the definition of times at which defined limit states will be ...
3 Code of Practices for plain and reinforced concrete etc. IS 456 – 2000 4 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1199 – 1959 5 Recommended Guide Lines for Concrete Mix Design IS 10262 – 1982 (F) Curing Compound; 1 Standard test method for water retention & daylight reflection test on concrete. ASTM-C-156809
Logo of Eurocode 2 An example of a concrete structure. In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures (abbreviated EN 1992 or, informally, EC 2) specifies technical rules for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures, using the limit state design philosophy.
A clear distinction is made between the ultimate state (US) and the ultimate limit state (ULS). The Ultimate State is a physical situation that involves either excessive deformations sufficient to cause collapse of the component under consideration or the structure as a whole, or deformations exceeding values considered to be the acceptable tolerance.
Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
Large crack-widths (greater than 0.3 mm) permit ingress of moisture and chemical attack to the concrete, resulting in possible corrosion of reinforcement and deterioration of concrete. Therefore, thick covers defeat the very purpose for which it is provided. There is a need for judicious balance of cover depth and crack width requirements.
Diagram of double tee beam. A double tee or double-T beam is a load-bearing structure that resembles two T-beams connected to each other side by side. The strong bond of the flange (horizontal section) and the two webs (vertical members, also known as stems) creates a structure that is capable of withstanding high loads while having a long span.
The portion of the beam that is in tension may crack. The size and length of cracks is dependent on the magnitude of the bending moment and the design of the reinforcing in the beam at the point under consideration. Reinforced concrete beams are designed to crack in tension rather than in compression.