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Public participation in decision-making has been studied as a way to align value judgements and risk trade-offs with public values and attitudes about acceptable risk. This research is of interest for emerging areas of science, including controversial technologies and new applications.
It is important to note that the participation of the public can occur at many different levels. Due to this ambiguity, modalities for public engagement have been categorized based on the types of information flow and level of involvement of the public and/or sponsor (i.e. academia, government, private sector): [1] [4] [5]
The principle of public participation holds that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision-making process. Public participation implies that the public's contribution will influence the decision. [1] [2] Public participation may be regarded as a form of empowerment and as a vital part of democratic ...
Under this school of thought, each flowchart is of a certain level (between 0 and 4) based on the amount of detail the flowchart contains. A level 0 flowchart represents the least amount of detail, and usually contains one or two steps. A level 4 flowchart represents the most detail, and can include hundreds of steps.
The management component of the compound idea of inclusive management signifies that inclusion is a managed, ongoing project rather than an attainable state. [3] The inclusion component means something different from the commonplace use of inclusion and exclusion to reference the socioeconomic diversity of the participants.
In addition, the degree of participation could range from zero to 100% in different participative management (PM) stages. [2] [3] PDM is one of many ways in which an organization can make decisions. The leader must think of the best possible way that will allow the organization to achieve the best results.
A number of examples link participatory community plans with local government planning. One widely applied example is South Africa's national policy of community-based planning methodology, and an adapted version, the Harmonised Participatory Planning Guide for Lower Level Local Governments, [48] which is national policy in Uganda.
Activity diagrams [1] are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions [2] with support for choice, iteration, and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language , activity diagrams are intended to model both computational and organizational processes (i.e., workflows), as well as the data flows intersecting with the ...