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  2. List of food additives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

    Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase the bulk of a food without affecting its nutritional value. Food coloring Colorings are added to food to replace colors lost during preparation, or to make food look more attractive. Color retention agents In contrast to colorings, color retention agents are used to preserve a food's ...

  3. Alkoxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxide

    In the transesterification process, metal alkoxides react with esters to bring about an exchange of alkyl groups between metal alkoxide and ester. With the metal alkoxide complex in focus, the result is the same as for alcoholysis, namely the replacement of alkoxide ligands, but at the same time the alkyl groups of the ester are changed, which ...

  4. International Numbering System for Food Additives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Numbering...

    Except where stated, the list of INS numbers and associated food additives is based on the most recent publication of the Codex Alimentarius, [2] Class Names and the International Numbering System for Food Additives, first published in 1989, with revisions in 2008 and 2011. E number and American approval flags are derived from other sources.

  5. Magnesium oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_oxide

    Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding .

  6. Methyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_group

    [15] [16] The term "methyl" was derived in about 1840 by back-formation from "methylene", and was then applied to describe "methyl alcohol" (which since 1892 is called "methanol"). Methyl is the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry term for an alkane (or alkyl) molecule, using the prefix "meth-" to indicate the presence of a single carbon.

  7. Group 2 organometallic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_2_organometallic...

    Mixed alkyl/aryl-halide compounds, which contain a single C-M bond and a C-X bond, are typically prepared by oxidative addition. Magnesium-containing compounds of this configuration are known as the Grignard reagents, though some calcium Grignard's are known and more reactive and sensitive to decomposition. Calcium grignard's must be pre ...

  8. Grignard reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grignard_reagent

    The oxide layer can also be broken up using ultrasound, using a stirring rod to scratch the oxidized layer off, [6] or by adding a few drops of iodine or 1,2-Diiodoethane. Another option is to use sublimed magnesium or magnesium anthracene. [7] "Rieke magnesium" is prepared by a reduction of an anhydrous magnesium chloride with an potassium:

  9. Allyl group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allyl_group

    Structure of the allyl group. In organic chemistry, an allyl group is a substituent with the structural formula −CH 2 −HC=CH 2.It consists of a methylene bridge (−CH 2 −) attached to a vinyl group (−CH=CH 2).