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1835 aquatint showing the first production of I puritani. Note range of tones. Aquatint is an intaglio printmaking technique, a variant of etching that produces areas of tone rather than lines. For this reason it has mostly been used in conjunction with etching, to give both lines and shaded tone. [1]
Like etching, aquatint technique involves the application of acid to make marks in a metal plate. Where the etching technique uses a needle to make lines that retain ink, traditional aquatint relies on powdered rosin which is acid resistant in the ground to create a tonal effect. The rosin is applied in a light dusting by a fan booth, the rosin ...
Goya's usage of the recently-developed technique of aquatint (i.e., a method of etching a printing plate so that tones similar to watercolor washes can be reproduced [4]) gave Los Caprichos pronounced tonal effects and spirited contrast that made them a major achievement in the history of engraving.
Etching is also used in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards and semiconductor devices, and in the preparation of metallic specimens for microscopic observation. Prior to 1100 AD, the New World Hohokam culture independently utilized the technique of acid etching in marine shell designs. [31]
The most commonly used graphic methods were woodcut, lithography, etching and silkscreen printing, and new techniques such as color aquatint were developed. [2] The offset printing also emerged, which revolutionized graphic art. Offset is a process similar to lithography, consisting of applying an ink on a metal plate, usually aluminum.
The usual technique in Spain, engraving with a burin, required ten years to master. Goya learned a different technique, etching, which is similar to drawing. He also learned a second, more complicated technique, aquatint, which allowed him gradations of stains from white to black, similar to making washes in paint.
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Etching, aquatint and drypoint: Medium: laid paper: Dimensions: 24. cm × 35.8 cm (8 + 7 ⁄ 16 in × 5 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) Location: Various print rooms have a print from the first edition. The one illustrated is at the Museo del Prado
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