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It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [3] The other model is the choice model of addiction, which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain dysfunction. [4] Through this model, addiction is viewed as a choice and is studied ...
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The contemporary medical model partly attributes addiction to changes in the brain's mesolimbic pathway. [2] The model also considers these diseases as a result of other biological, psychological or sociological entities, despite an incomplete understanding of their mechanisms.
The life-process model of addiction is the view that addiction is not a disease but rather a habitual response and a source of gratification and security that can be understood only in the context of social relationships and experiences. This model of addiction is in opposition to the disease model of addiction.
The addiction involves genetic predisposition, corrupted brain chemistry, entrenched environmental factors and any number of potential mental-health disorders — it requires urgent medical intervention. According to the medical establishment, medication coupled with counseling is the most effective form of treatment for opioid addiction.
Models of addiction risk that have been proposed in psychology literature include an affect dysregulation model of positive and negative psychological affects, the reinforcement sensitivity theory model of impulsiveness and behavioral inhibition, and an impulsivity model of reward sensitization and impulsiveness. [1] [5] [6]
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The scoring system enables clinicians to determine the severity of the addiction of the patients which is defined as the need for treatment where there currently is none; or for an additional form or type of treatment where the patient is currently receiving some form of treatment, [5] instead of a deviation from optimum function. [3]