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The concept of emotional climate was first used in educational psychology to define the effects of classroom climates on learning, [3] but it has since been adopted and extensively used in work and organizational psychology to capture differences in work environments. [4]
Calmness is a quality that can be cultivated and increased with practice, [7] [better source needed] or developed through psychotherapy. [8] It usually requires training for one's mind to stay calm in the face of a great deal of different stimulation, and possible distractions, especially emotional ones.
18th-century depiction of the four temperaments: [1] phlegmatic and choleric above, sanguine and melancholic below The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory which suggests that there are four fundamental personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholic, and phlegmatic.
In psychiatry and psychology, euthymia is a normal, tranquil mental state or mood. [1] People with mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, experience euthymia as a stable mood state that is neither depressive nor manic. Achieving and maintaining euthymia is the goal of treatment for bipolar patients in ...
The initial model was advanced in 1958 by Ernest Tupes and Raymond Christal, research psychologists at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas, but failed to reach scholars and scientists until the 1980s. In 1990, J.M. Digman advanced his five-factor model of personality, which Lewis Goldberg put at the highest organised level. [ 15 ]
The definition developed by Lawrence R. James (1943-2014) and his colleagues makes a distinction between psychological and organisational climate. " Psychological climate is defined as the individual employee’s perception of the psychological impact of the work environment on his or her own well-being (James & James, 1989).
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James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism. Lange was a Danish physician and psychologist. Working independently, they developed the James–Lange theory, a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions. The theory ...