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  2. Brane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane

    A point particle is a 0-brane, of dimension zero; a string, named after vibrating musical strings, is a 1-brane; a membrane, named after vibrating membranes such as drumheads, is a 2-brane. [2] The corresponding object of arbitrary dimension p is called a p-brane, a term coined by M. J. Duff et al. in 1988. [3]

  3. Brane cosmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane_cosmology

    Some versions of brane cosmology, based on the large extra dimension idea, can explain the weakness of gravity relative to the other fundamental forces of nature, thus solving the hierarchy problem. In the brane picture, the electromagnetic , weak and strong nuclear force are localized on the brane, but gravity has no such constraint and ...

  4. M-theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory

    In string theory and related theories such as supergravity theories, a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a point particle to higher dimensions. For example, a point particle can be viewed as a brane of dimension zero, while a string can be viewed as a brane of dimension one.

  5. Randall–Sundrum model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall–Sundrum_model

    The model is a braneworld theory developed while trying to solve the hierarchy problem of the Standard Model.It involves a finite five-dimensional bulk that is extremely warped and contains two branes: the Planckbrane (where gravity is a relatively strong force; also called "Gravitybrane") and the Tevbrane (our home with the Standard Model particles; also called "Weakbrane").

  6. String theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

    A p-brane sweeps out a (p+1)-dimensional volume in spacetime called its worldvolume. Physicists often study fields analogous to the electromagnetic field which live on the worldvolume of a brane. [27] In string theory, D-branes are an important class of branes that arise when one considers open strings. As an open string propagates through ...

  7. Cyclic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_model

    One new cyclic model is the brane cosmology model of the creation of the universe, derived from the earlier ekpyrotic model. It was proposed in 2001 by Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University and Neil Turok of Cambridge University. The theory describes a universe exploding into existence not just once, but repeatedly over time.

  8. M2-brane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2-brane

    In theoretical physics, an M2-brane, is a spatially extended mathematical object that appears in string theory and in related theories (e.g. M-theory, F-theory). In particular, it is a solution of eleven-dimensional supergravity which possesses a three-dimensional world volume.

  9. Brane theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Brane_theory&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 18 November 2013, at 14:08 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.