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Galen's work was likely written in the early months of AD 193, after the death of the emperor Commodus, as Peri Alypias includes critical remarks around his reign. [8] Letter writing was a conventional form in antiquity for works that addressed the "therapy of emotions", as followed by Plutarch and Seneca.
The Galenic corpus is the collection of writings of Galen, a prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire during the second century CE. Several of the works were written between 165–175 CE.
Galen's Greek name Γαληνός (Galēnós) comes from the adjective γαληνός (galēnós) 'calm'. [28] Galen's Latin name (Aelius or Claudius) implies he had Roman citizenship. [29] Galen describes his early life in On the affections of the mind. He was born in September 129 AD. [6]
Depiction of a Roman animal sacrifice. Music was an important aspect of Roman religious rituals. [13] It was used to set the rhythm of the ritual and invoke certain emotions. [14] Various instruments had different roles in Roman religion. Ancient Roman art displays tibicines, or players of the tibia, playing behind altars. [15]
Dioscorides was a Roman physician of Greek descent. The manuscripts classified and illustrated over 1000 substances and their uses. [77] De materia medica influenced medical knowledge for centuries, due to its dissemination and translation into Greek, Arabic, and Latin. Galen wrote in Greek, but Arabic and Syriac translations survived as well.
Galen’s extensive body of work, originally written in Greek, provided a foundation for the preservation of medical knowledge that would later be translated into Latin. These translations facilitated the enduring legacy of Greek medical ideas in Roman and, ultimately, in Western medical traditions.
Apuleius (c. 125), a popular writer, expounded an eclectic Platonism in his books On the God of Socrates and On Plato and his Doctrine, which are written in Latin. [7] Maximus of Tyre (c. 180), like Plutarch, endeavoured to bridge the gulf between a transcendent God and matter by the assumption of numerous daemons as intermediaries. [7]
Galen, the prominent Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman empire, had written on anatomy among other topics, but his work remained largely unchecked until the time of Vesalius. The Fabrica rectified some of Galen's worst errors, including the notion that the great blood vessels originated from the liver.