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  2. Rudder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudder

    A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, airship, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (usually air or water). On an airplane, the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw and p-factor and is not the primary control used to turn

  3. Ancient maritime history - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history

    The first true ocean-going boats were invented by the Austronesian peoples, ... 1250 BC World's oldest depiction of a stern-mounted steering rudder (c. 1420 BC)

  4. Gubernaculum (classical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernaculum_(classical)

    The ancient rudder's different parts were distinguished by the following names: ansa, the handle; clavus, the shaft; pinna, the blade. [6] The famous ship Tessarakonteres or "Forty" is said to have had four rudders. In the Bible, Paul's ship, which was shipwrecked on Malta, had its rudders (plural) [7] cut loose. [8]

  5. Ship's wheel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship's_wheel

    Diagram of the steering gear of an 18th- to 19th-century sailing ship [3]: 151 Helm of TS Golden Bear. A ship's wheel is composed of eight cylindrical wooden spokes (though sometimes as few as six or as many as ten or twelve depending on the wheel's size and how much force is needed to turn it.) shaped like balusters and all joined at a central wooden hub or nave (sometimes covered with a ...

  6. Aircraft flight control system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_flight_control_system

    Rudder pedals, or the earlier, pre-1919 "rudder bar", control yaw by moving the rudder; the left foot forward will move the rudder left for instance. Thrust lever or throttle, which controls engine speed or thrust for powered aircraft. The control yokes also vary greatly among aircraft. There are yokes where roll is controlled by rotating the ...

  7. Early flying machines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_flying_machines

    They invented roll control using wing warping and combined roll with simultaneous yaw control using a steerable rear rudder. Although wing-warping as a means of roll control was used only briefly during the early history of aviation, the innovation of combining roll and yaw control was a fundamental advance in flight control.

  8. Aileron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aileron

    Although there were previously many conflicting claims over who first invented the aileron and its function, i.e., lateral or roll control, [5] the flight control device was invented and described by the British scientist and metaphysicist Matthew Piers Watt Boulton in his 1864 paper On Aërial Locomotion. He was the first to patent an aileron ...

  9. Steering engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_engine

    Designed by Scottish engineer John McFarlane Gray and built by George Forrester and Company, this was a steam-powered mechanical amplifier used to drive the rudder position to match the wheel position. The size of Great Eastern, by far the largest ship of her day, made power steering a necessity. Steam-powered steering engines were employed on ...