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A Boolean circuit over a basis B, with n inputs and m outputs, is then defined as a finite directed acyclic graph. Each vertex corresponds to either a basis function or one of the inputs, and there is a set of exactly m nodes which are labeled as the outputs.
A Boolean circuit with input bits is a directed acyclic graph in which every node (usually called gates in this context) is either an input node of in-degree 0 labelled by one of the input bits, an AND gate, an OR gate, or a NOT gate.
Boolean formulas can also be displayed as a graph: Propositional directed acyclic graph. Digital circuit diagram of logic gates, a Boolean circuit; And-inverter graph, using only AND and NOT; In order to optimize electronic circuits, Boolean formulas can be minimized using the Quine–McCluskey algorithm or Karnaugh map.
A Boolean function can be represented as a rooted, directed, acyclic graph, which consists of several (decision) nodes and two terminal nodes. The two terminal nodes are labeled 0 (FALSE) and 1 (TRUE). Each (decision) node is labeled by a Boolean variable and has two child nodes called low child and high child.
The circuit on the left is satisfiable but the circuit on the right is not. In theoretical computer science, the circuit satisfiability problem (also known as CIRCUIT-SAT, CircuitSAT, CSAT, etc.) is the decision problem of determining whether a given Boolean circuit has an assignment of its inputs that makes the output true. [1]
An and-inverter graph (AIG) is a directed, acyclic graph that represents a structural implementation of the logical functionality of a circuit or network. An AIG consists of two-input nodes representing logical conjunction, terminal nodes labeled with variable names, and edges optionally containing markers indicating logical negation.
Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digital logic circuits. Circuits are defined by the gates they contain and the values the gates can produce. For example, the values in a Boolean circuit are Boolean values, and the circuit includes conjunction, disjunction, and negation gates.
If the circuit C outputs A∧B for circuits A and B, join the branching programs that γ-compute A, δ-compute B, γ −1-compute A, and δ −1-compute B for a choice of 5-cycles γ and δ such that their commutator ε=γδγ −1 δ −1 is also a 5-cycle. (The existence of such elements was established in Lemma 2.)