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Conjunctivitis is the most common eye disease. [45] Rates of disease is related to the underlying cause which varies by the age as well as the time of year. Acute conjunctivitis is most frequently found in infants, school-age children and the elderly. [18] The most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis is viral conjunctivitis. [26]
The syndrome is marked by the appearance of characteristic lesions, known as phlyctenules, on the cornea and/or conjunctiva.These usually manifest as small (1 - 3 [1] or 1 - 4 [2] mm) raised nodules, pinkish-white or yellow in color, which may ulcerate (or, more rarely, necrose) and are often surrounded by dilated blood vessels.
Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, also known as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, is a contagious eye infection, a type of adenovirus disease caused by adenoviruses. [1] It typically presents as a conjunctivitis with a sudden onset of a painful red eye, watery discharge and feeling that something is in the eye. [3]
Keratoconjunctivitis is frequently caused by viral infections in and around the eyes. A particularly common cause of this is the herpes simplex virus.In some people, the infection may become chronic and keratoconjunctivitis may present during flare-ups of variable frequency.
[2] [3] [4] Chronic conjunctivitis such as from tobacco smoke exposure or infection may also lead to the condition. [2] Diagnosis is mostly based on the symptoms, though a number of other tests may be used. [8] Dry eye syndrome occasionally makes wearing contact lenses impossible. [2] Treatment depends on the underlying cause.
Generally, conjunctivitis does not affect the pupils. With acute angle-closure glaucoma , the pupil is generally fixed in mid-position, oval, and responds sluggishly to light, if at all. Shallow anterior chamber depth may indicate a predisposition to one form of glaucoma (narrow angle) but requires slit-lamp examination or other special ...
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (caused by including enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus A24 variant, and adenovirus 11) Leptospirosis Subconjunctival bleeding in infants may be associated with scurvy (a vitamin C deficiency), [ 8 ] abuse or traumatic asphyxia syndrome.
Allergic conjunctivitis occurs more frequently among those with allergic conditions, with the symptoms having a seasonal correlation. Allergic conjunctivitis is a frequent condition as it is estimated to affect 20 percent of the population on an annual basis and approximately one-half of these people have a personal or family history of atopy.