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American elections rarely featured serious discussion of foreign-policy, with a few exceptions such as 1910, 1916, 1920 and 1940. [86] Anytime a crisis erupted, the major newspapers and magazines commented at length on what Washington should do. The media relied primarily on a small number of foreign-policy experts based in New York City and ...
Diplomatic history deals with the history of international relations between states. Diplomatic history can be different from international relations in that the former can concern itself with the foreign policy of one state while the latter deals with relations between two or more states.
William Seward served as Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869.. The history of U.S. foreign policy from 1861 to 1897 concerns the foreign policy of the United States during the presidential administrations of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison.
The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States of America, including all the bureaus and offices in the United States Department of State, [1] as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community". [2]
DeConde, Alexander; A History of American Foreign Policy (1963) Divine, Robert A. Foreign policy and U.S. presidential elections, 1940-1948 (1974) online; Divine, Robert A. Foreign policy and U.S. presidential elections, 1952-1960 (1974) online; Ellis, Sylvia. Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations (2009) Excerpt and text search
The limits of foreign policy; the West, the League, and the Far Eastern crisis of 1931-1933 (1972) online; Tooze, Adam. The Deluge: The Great War, America and the Remaking of the Global Order, 1916-1931 (2014) emphasis on economics excerpt. Ulam, Adam B. Expansion and coexistence: Soviet foreign policy, 1917–73 (2nd ed 1974) online; Watt ...
After World War I, the foreign policy doctrine of liberal internationalism was retained (but it also suffered a "jolt" [7] in the words of John Ikenberry as a result of WW1, namely against the "optimistic narratives" [8] that liberal internationalism espouses) by the intellectual founders of the League of Nations and augmented somewhat with ...
Kennan says Bismarck's foreign policy was designed to prevent any major war even in the face of improved Franco-Russian relations. Russia left Bismarck's Three Emperors' League (with Germany and Austria) and instead took up the French proposal for closer relationships and a military alliance.