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The Cave of Letters was surveyed in explorations conducted in 1960–1961, when letters and fragments of papyri were found dating back to the period of the Bar Kokhba revolt. The Cave of Horror is the name given to Cave 8, where the skeletons of 40 Jewish refugees from the Bar Kokhba revolt, including men, women and children, were discovered.
Diaspora revolt (115–117)—known as the "Rebellion of the Exile" and sometimes called the Second Jewish–Roman War; includes the Kitos War in Judaea; Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136)—also called the Second Jewish–Roman War (when Kitos War is not counted), or the Third (when the Kitos War is counted).
Legio XXII Deiotariana ("Deiotarus' Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army, founded ca. 48 BC and disbanded or destroyed during the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132–136. Its cognomen comes from Deiotarus, a Celtic king of Galatia. Its emblem is unknown.
During the revolt, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva regarded Simon as the Jewish messiah; the Talmud records his statement that the Star Prophecy verse from Numbers 24:17: [10] "There shall come a star out of Jacob," [11] referred to him, based on identification of the Hebrew word for star, kokhav, and his name, bar Kozeva.
The 130s was a decade that ran from January 1, 130, to December 31, 139.. The Roman Empire was under the rule of Emperor Hadrian, and after 138, Antonius Pius.During the middle of the decade, Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba led a large-scale armed rebellion against the Romans in Judea, known as the Bar Kokhba revolt.
Betar (Biblical Hebrew: בֵּיתַּר, romanized: Bēttar), also spelled Beitar, Bethar or Bether, was an ancient Jewish town in the Judaean Mountains. Continuously inhabited since the Iron Age, [1] it was the last standing stronghold of the Bar Kokhba revolt, and was destroyed by the Imperial Roman Army under Hadrian in 135 CE. [2] [3] [4]
The El-Jai cave served as a refuge cave for Jewish rebels during the late phase of the Bar Kokhba revolt, around 135 CE. [1] [2] A collection of 16 coins was discovered within the cave, with most seem to have been deposited towards the end of the revolt. Among these, were four Bar Kokhba coins and two Aelia Capitolina coins featuring Hadrian ...
From 132 to 136 CE, the Bar Kokhba revolt took place, representing the last major Jewish effort to reclaim independence in Judaea. [36] Led by Simon Bar Kokhba, who assumed the title of nasi, the Jewish forces briefly established a state in the regions of Judea (excluding Jerusalem) and possibly Perea, even minting their own coins. [37]