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The diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis is usually made with imaging confirming a clot in the portal vein; ultrasound is the least invasive method and the addition of Doppler technique shows a filling defect in blood flow. PVT may be classified as either occlusive or nonocclusive based on evidence of blood flow around the clot. [5]
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease and Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin, mucous membranes, and often in organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain. [1] [2]
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are abnormal communications between the veins and arteries of the pulmonary circulation, leading to a right-to-left blood shunt. [5] [6] They have no symptoms in up to 29% of all cases, [7] however they can give rise to serious complications including hemorrhage, and infection. [5]
Stroke is a serious condition of blood vessel disorder caused by the stop of blood supply to the brain. Brain cells with ceased oxygen supply from blood will die in millions per second. [ 14 ] Not only is it one of the major causes of death around the world, it is also the cause of permanent disability.
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
It is an autoimmune disease and a form of vasculitis that affects small- and medium-size vessels in many organs but most commonly affects the upper respiratory tract, lungs and kidneys. [6] The signs and symptoms of GPA are highly varied and reflect which organs are supplied by the affected blood vessels.
Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the vessels of the circulatory system in the body, including blood vessels – the arteries and veins, and the lymphatic vessels. Vascular disease is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease .
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a disease affecting the blood vessels of the lungs, where abnormal capillary proliferation and venous fibrous intimal thickening result in progressive increase in vascular resistance. [1] It is a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension, and occurs predominantly in young adults.