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In men, mobilization of the rectum may risk the development of erectile dysfunction. [9] Another way of categorizing surgery for prolapse of pelvic organs is suspensive or resective (involving removal of sections of the bowel wall). Ventral rectopexy alone is a syspensive type surgery, a category which also includes colposacropexy. [10]
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.
However, the wounds created by the surgery are usually associated with considerable post-operative pain which necessitates a prolonged recovery period. This can put a stress on a general practitioner ’s resources, may alienate the patient and delays the patient's return to a full, normal lifestyle and the workplace.
Surgery is most often successful for people who still have some control over their bowel movements. If the anal sphincter is damaged, surgery may correct the prolapse but not be able to completely correct fecal incontinence (lack of control of bowel movements). Fecal incontinence can both potentially improve or deteriorate after prolapse surgery.
A pessary is a plastic or silicone device that may be used for women with pelvic organ prolapse. Vaginal pessaries can immediately relieve prolapse and prolapse-related symptoms. [25] This treatment is useful for individuals who do not want to have surgery or are unable to have surgery due to the risk of the procedure.
Surgery may be indicated for severe cases of SRUS (either severe symptoms, severe ulceration, or significant associated anatomical defect such as prolapse), or when conservative measures fail. [8] [5] Some authors state that most patients do not benefit from surgery. [5] Overall, up to 33% of SRUS patients end up requiring surgery. [8]
Surgery to correct the rectocele may involve the reattachment of the muscles that previously supported the pelvic floor. [1] Another procedure is posterior colporrhaphy, which involves suturing of vaginal tissue. Surgery may also involve insertion of a supporting mesh (that is, a patch). [8]
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is characterized by descent of pelvic organs from their normal positions into the vagina. In women, the condition usually occurs when the pelvic floor collapses after gynecological cancer treatment, childbirth or heavy lifting. [ 2 ]