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  2. Zygosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygosity

    Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek zygotos "yoked," from zygon "yoke") (/ z aɪ ˈ ɡ ɒ s ɪ t i /) is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence.

  3. Test cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_cross

    The first uses of test crosses were in Gregor Mendel’s experiments in plant hybridization.While studying the inheritance of dominant and recessive traits in pea plants, he explains that the “signification” (now termed zygosity) of an individual for a dominant trait is determined by the expression patterns of the following generation.

  4. Underdominance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdominance

    In genetics, underdominance, also known as homozygote advantage, heterozygote disadvantage, or negative overdominance," [1] is the opposite of overdominance. It is the selection against the heterozygote , causing disruptive selection [ 2 ] and divergent genotypes .

  5. Compound heterozygosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_heterozygosity

    In medical genetics, compound heterozygosity is the condition of having two or more heterogeneous recessive alleles at a particular locus that can cause genetic disease in a heterozygous state; that is, an organism is a compound heterozygote when it has two recessive alleles for the same gene, but with those two alleles being different from each other (for example, both alleles might be ...

  6. X-linked recessive inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_recessive_inheritance

    X-linked recessive inheritance. X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be always expressed in males (who are necessarily hemizygous for the gene mutation because they have one X and one Y chromosome) and in females who are homozygous for the gene mutation, see zygosity.

  7. HFE H63D gene mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFE_H63D_gene_mutation

    H63D syndrome is a very rare clinical phenotype based on a homozygous mutation of the HFE gene.This mutation is associated with diverse health issues, however H63D syndrome is the only known specific expression of a homozygous HFE-H63D mutation to date.

  8. Sickle cell trait - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_trait

    The sickle cell trait provides a survival advantage against malaria fatality over people with normal hemoglobin in regions where malaria is endemic. The trait is known to cause significantly fewer deaths due to malaria, especially when Plasmodium falciparum is the causative organism.

  9. Chromosomal inversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_inversion

    An inversion is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome becomes inverted within its original position. An inversion occurs when a chromosome undergoes a two breaks within the chromosomal arm, and the segment between the two breaks inserts itself in the opposite direction in the same chromosome arm.