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In economics, the concept of returns to scale arises in the context of a firm's production function.It explains the long-run linkage of increase in output (production) relative to associated increases in the inputs (factors of production).
However, in the succeeding years Sraffa followed a different path of research that brought him to write and publish his main work Production of commodities by means of commodities (Sraffa 1966). In this book, Sraffa determines relative prices assuming no changes in output, so that no question arises as to the variation or constancy of returns.
In quantum chemistry, size consistency and size extensivity are concepts relating to how the behaviour of quantum-chemistry calculations changes with the system size. Size consistency (or strict separability) is a property that guarantees the consistency of the energy behaviour when interaction between the involved molecular subsystems is nullified (for example, by distance).
RGR is a concept relevant in cases where the increase in a state variable over time is proportional to the value of that state variable at the beginning of a time period. In terms of differential equations , if S {\displaystyle S} is the current size, and d S d t {\displaystyle {\frac {dS}{dt}}} its growth rate, then relative growth rate is
In the Solow-Swan model, economic growth is driven by the accumulation of physical capital until this optimum level of capital per worker, which is the "steady state" is reached, where output, consumption and capital are constant. The model predicts more rapid growth when the level of physical capital per capita is low, something often referred ...
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The relative index of inequality (RII) is a regression-based index which summarizes the magnitude of socio-economic status (SES) as a source of inequalities in health. RII is useful because it takes into account the size of the population and the relative disadvantage experienced by different groups. [ 1 ]
Economic methodology has gone from periodic reflections of economists on method to a distinct research field in economics since the 1970s. In one direction, it has expanded to the boundaries of philosophy , including the relation of economics to the philosophy of science and the theory of knowledge . [ 18 ]