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The close proximity of the sinuses to the brain makes brain infections one of the most dangerous complication of acute bacterial sinusitis, especially when the frontal and sphenoid sinuses are involved. These infections can result from invasion of anaerobic bacteria through the bones or blood vessels.
Because sinusitis typically is preceded by an infection of the nasal mucosa, some authors suggest generally replacing the term “sinusitis” with “rhinosinusitis”. [1] The functional unity of the two mucosa speaks in favor of this replacement. A distinction is made between acute and chronic rhinosinusitis.
Frontal sinuses are rarely symmetrical as the septum between them frequently deviates to either side of the midline. [3] [1] The two sinuses also vary in extent compared to one another. [2] Their size of the frontal sinuses is highly variable. [2] Rarely, one or both sinuses is hypoplastic [1] or even absent. [1] [2]
At birth, only the maxillary sinus and the ethmoid sinus are developed but not yet pneumatized; only by the age of seven are they fully aerated. The sphenoid sinus appears at the age of three, and the frontal sinuses first appear at the age of six, and fully develop during adulthood. [5]
The frontal sinuses are located in the frontal bone; the sphenoidal sinuses in the sphenoid bone; the maxillary sinuses in the maxilla; and the ethmoidal sinuses in the ethmoid bone. [2] [13] A narrow opening called a sinus ostium from each of the paranasal sinuses allows drainage into the nasal cavity. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the ...
In most cases of sinus barotrauma, localized pain to the frontal area is the predominant symptom. This is due to pain originating from the frontal sinus, it being above the brow bones. Less common is pain referred to the temporal, occipital, or retrobulbar region. Epistaxis or serosanguineous secretion from the nose may occur.
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Untreated allergies are one of the main contributing factors to the development of sinus infections. A person with a sinus infection often has nasal congestion with thick nasal secretions, fever, and cough (WebMD). Patients can be treated by “reducing the swelling or inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, eliminating the infection ...