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  2. Ribosome-binding site - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome-binding_site

    Eukaryotic ribosomes are known to bind to transcripts in a mechanism unlike the one involving the 5' cap, at a sequence called the internal ribosome entry site. This process is not dependent on the full set of translation initiation factors (although this depends on the specific IRES) and is commonly found in the translation of viral mRNA. [9]

  3. Ribosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome

    Ribosomal RNA composition for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The ribosome is a complex cellular machine. It is largely made up of specialized RNA known as ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as well as dozens of distinct proteins (the exact number varies slightly between species). The ribosomal proteins and rRNAs are arranged into two distinct ribosomal pieces ...

  4. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    While the sugar-phosphate "backbone" of DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose instead. [6] Ribose has a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position, whereas deoxyribose does not. The hydroxyl groups in the ribose backbone make RNA more chemically labile than DNA by lowering the activation energy of hydrolysis.

  5. Ribosome biogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome_biogenesis

    The yeast, S. cerevisiae is the eukaryotic model organism for the study of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis starts in the nucleolus. There, the 35S pre-RNA is transcribed from ribosomal genes as a polycistronic transcript by RNA polymerase I and processed into the 18S, 5.8S, and 25S subunits of the rRNA. [1] [3]

  6. Ribosomal RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA

    Ribosomal RNA is the predominant form of RNA found in most cells; it makes up about 80% of cellular RNA despite never being translated into proteins itself. Ribosomes are composed of approximately 60% rRNA and 40% ribosomal proteins, though this ratio differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes .

  7. Ribosomal DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_DNA

    The ribosomal DNA (abbreviated rDNA) consists of a group of ribosomal RNA encoding genes and related regulatory elements, and is widespread in similar configuration in all domains of life. The ribosomal DNA encodes the non-coding ribosomal RNA , integral structural elements in the assembly of ribosomes , its importance making it the most ...

  8. Ribose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose

    L-Ribose Fischer Projection. Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 5 and the linear-form composition H−(C=O)−(CHOH) 4 −H. The naturally occurring form, d-ribose, is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is built, and so this compound is necessary for coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.

  9. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA; if the sugar is deoxyribose, a variant of ribose, the polymer is DNA. Nucleic acids are chemical compounds that are found in nature. They carry information in cells and make up genetic material.