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Illegal mining can be a subsistence activity, as is the case with artisanal mining, or it can belong to large-scale organized crime, [2] spearheaded by illegal mining syndicates. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] On an international level, approximately 80 percent of small-scale mining operations can be categorized as illegal. [ 5 ]
Van Wyk attributed the spike in illegal mining to the thousands of abandoned mines left unclosed by large-scale companies and multinational corporations. “We’ve got about 6,000 abandoned mines ...
Galamsey in Ghana. Galamsey refers to illegal small-scale gold mining in Ghana. [1] [2] The term is derived from the English phrase "gather them and sell". [3]Historically, galamsey referred to traditional small-scale mining practices in Ghana, where local communities would gather and search for gold in rivers and streams.
The clampdown on illegal mining cut off food and water to hundreds of miners underground. At least 78 bodies were pulled from a mining shaft this week, and more are believed to remain underground.
Illegal mining in Assam, particularly in the Dima Hasao district, involves mostly "rat-hole" mining. The practice involves digging narrow tunnels by hand to extract coal. [ 63 ] In January 2025, miners became trapped in an illegal mine in the Dima Hasao district, prompting a government crackdown on illegal mines.
Illegal mining in Peru moves more money than drug trafficking, between $3 billion and $4 billion per year, according to government data.
An area in Department of Madre de Dios (Amazon Basin) deforested and polluted by illegal mining.. Illegal mining or illegal mineral extraction is a common economic activity in Peru, which consists of the exploitation of metallic minerals (such as gold) and non-metallic minerals (clay, marble, among others) to finance criminal organizations. [1]
The Stilfontein gold mine in North West Province was once a major gold producer but ceased operations in 2013. [4] [5] Since its closure, it has been a site for illicit mining activity, with artisanal miners (known locally as zama zamas attempting to extract remaining gold deposits in the abandoned shafts. [6]