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  2. Adrenal medulla - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

    The adrenal medulla is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Because the ANS, specifically the sympathetic division, exerts direct control over the chromaffin cells , the hormone release can occur rather quickly. [ 2 ]

  3. Adrenal gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland

    The adrenal medulla is at the centre of each adrenal gland, and is surrounded by the adrenal cortex. The chromaffin cells of the medulla are the body's main source of the catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, released by the medulla. Approximately 20% noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and 80% adrenaline (epinephrine) are secreted here.

  4. Sympathoadrenal system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathoadrenal_system

    Beginning in the sympathetic nervous system, an external stimulus affects the adrenal medulla and causes a release of catecholamines. The sympathoadrenal system is a physiological connection between the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla and is crucial in an organism's physiological response to outside stimuli. [1]

  5. Chromaffin cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaffin_cell

    Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals.These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress, monitoring carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in the body, maintenance of respiration and the regulation of blood pressure. [1]

  6. Adrenaline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenaline

    Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication [10] [11] which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). [10] [12] It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. [13] Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands and by a small number of neurons in the medulla oblongata. [14]

  7. Sympathetic nervous system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system

    This response is also known as sympatho-adrenal response of the body, as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla (but also all other sympathetic fibers) secrete acetylcholine, which activates the great secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and to a lesser extent noradrenaline (norepinephrine) from it.

  8. Sensory nervous system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_nervous_system

    Ganglion cells reside in the adrenal medulla and retina where they are involved in the sympathetic response. Of the ~1.3 million ganglion cells present in the retina, 1-2% are believed to be photosensitive ganglia. [10] These photosensitive ganglia play a role in conscious vision for some animals, [11] and are believed to do the same in humans ...

  9. Adrenomedullin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenomedullin

    It was initially isolated in 1993 from a pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla: hence the name. [5] In humans ADM is encoded by the ADM gene. ADM is a peptide expressed by all tissues, and found in the circulation. A similar peptide named adreomedullin2 was reported in rats in 2004 which exhibits a similar function. [6]