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The 5.45×39mm cartridge is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge.It was introduced into service in 1974 by the Soviet Union for use with the new AK-74.The 5.45×39mm gradually supplemented and then largely replaced the 7.62×39mm cartridge in Soviet and Warsaw Pact service as the primary military service rifle cartridge.
The 5.6×39mm, also known in the U.S. as .220 Russian, is a cartridge developed in 1961 for deer hunting in the USSR. [3] It fires a 5.6mm projectile from necked down 7.62×39mm brass.