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Although the English word nun is often used to describe all Christian women who have joined religious institutes, strictly speaking, women are referred to as nuns only when they live in papal enclosure; otherwise, they are religious sisters. [4]
Traditionally, nuns are members of enclosed religious orders and take solemn religious vows, while sisters do not live in the papal enclosure and formerly took vows called "simple vows". [4] As monastics, nuns living within an enclosure historically commit to recitation of the full Divine Office throughout the day in church, usually in a solemn ...
The community of about 20 nuns lives in papal enclosure and mainly from the products from their own agriculture. In September 2016 the convent sold their monastery in Marseille [ 1 ] to Chavagnes-en-Paillers in order to find more quiet.
Elizabeth Makowski interprets the document as an attempt to "safeguard nuns from themselves; to diminish, if not completely remove, worldly temptations". [10] Makowski further views Periculoso as a means of "controlling female religiosity" in the face of movements such as the Guglielmites which had begun to challenge papal supremacy and advocate radical roles for women in the 13th century. [2]
The 1917 Code of Canon Law reserved the term "nun" (Latin: monialis) for women religious who took solemn vows or who, while being allowed in some places to take simple vows, belonged to institutes whose vows were normally solemn. [13] They lived under cloister, "papal enclosure", and recited the Liturgy of the Hours in common. [4]
Thus, the nuns of some contemplative orders are subject to papal enclosure. [3] Other religious institutes have apostolates that wherein their members interact with the secular world, such as in teaching, healthcare, social work, while maintaining their distinctiveness in communal living.
Spanish Visitandine nuns martyrs. On May 10, 1998, seven Visitandine nuns of the First Monastery of Madrid, Spain, martyred during the Spanish Revolution of 1936, were beatified in Rome by Pope John Paul II. Maria Gabriela de Hinojosa Naveros (b. July 24, 1872 in Alhama, Granada) Teresa Maria Cavestany y Anduaga (b. July 30, 1888 in Puerto Real ...
Pope Pius V (1566–1572) had declared solemn vows and strict papal enclosure to be essential to all communities of religious women. The difficulties which Ward encountered were mainly due to this ruling, when she applied to the Holy See for permission to expand her institute in Flanders , Bavaria , Austria, and Italy.