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Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) or cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes.CREs are vital components of genetic regulatory networks, which in turn control morphogenesis, the development of anatomy, and other aspects of embryonic development, studied in evolutionary developmental biology.
Neurofibromatosis (NF1), also known as Von Recklinghausen disease, is a genetic disorder that is caused by a rare mutation in the neurofibromin gene (NF1) on chromosome 17. [20] This loss of function mutation in the tumor suppressor gene can cause tumors on the nerves called neurofibromas. [21] These appear as small bumps under the skin.
Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to such a cis-regulatory sequence. [36] These cis-regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, insulators and tethering elements ...
Eukaryotic genes also contain regulatory sequences beyond the core promoter. These cis-acting control elements bind transcriptional activators or repressors to increase or decrease transcription from the core promoter. Well-characterized regulatory elements include enhancers, silencers, and insulators. These regulatory sequences can be spread ...
This is a list of cis-regulatory RNAs. These are RNA motifs which regulate nucleic acid regions on the same molecule, as opposed to trans -acting motifs which regulate a distal molecule. Some of these RNAs are broadly distributed while others are single RNA families.
Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased expression due to such a cis-regulatory sequence. [3] These cis-regulatory sequences include enhancers, silencers, insulators and tethering elements. [4]
The product of each gene can regulate the expression level of itself and/or the other genes through cis-regulatory elements. The interactions among genes constitute a gene network that is represented by a N {\displaystyle N} × N {\displaystyle N} regulatory matrix ( R ) {\displaystyle (R)} in the model.
Cis-regulatory elements are frequent targets of evolution resulting in varied morphology. [19] When looking at long-term evolution, mutations in cis-regulatory regions appear to be even more common. [20] In other words, more interspecific morphological differences are caused by mutations in cis-regulatory regions than intraspecific differences ...