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Example of a H-1 antihistamine (Levocetirizine) Side effects. Side effects generally exist more in first-generation antihistamines, for example drowsiness, blurred vision and dry mouth. Other common side effects for all generations include gastrointestinal side effects, headaches and tiredness. [9]
Betahistine was once believed to have some positive effects in the treatment of Ménière's disease and vertigo, [3] but more recent evidence casts doubt on its efficacy. [4] [5] Studies of the use of betahistine have shown a reduction in symptoms of vertigo and, to a lesser extent, tinnitus, but conclusive evidence is lacking at present.
Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives (), allergic rhinitis and itchy inflamed eyes (allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. [6] It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibiting the histamine H 1 receptor, preventing these allergic reactions. [7]
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies. [1] Typically, people take antihistamines as an inexpensive, generic (not patented) drug that can be bought without a prescription and provides relief from nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives caused by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy with few side effects. [1]
The newer, second-generation H 1-antihistamines are far more selective for peripheral histamine H 1-receptors and have a better tolerability profile compared to the first-generation agents. The most common adverse effects noted for second-generation agents include drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nausea and dry mouth. [4]
Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]
Clemastine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative effects. Antihistamines competitively bind to histamine receptor sites, thus reducing the neurotransmitter's effects. [9] Effects of histamine (which are countered by antihistamines) include: Increased capillary permeability; Increased capillary dilatation; Edema (i.e., swelling ...
The most prominent side effects are dizziness and sleepiness. [41] Diphenhydramine is a potent anticholinergic agent and potential deliriant in higher doses. This activity is responsible for the side effects of dry mouth and throat, increased heart rate, pupil dilation, urinary retention, constipation, and, at high doses, hallucinations or ...