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In engineering, for instance, kinematic analysis may be used to find the range of movement for a given mechanism and, working in reverse, using kinematic synthesis to design a mechanism for a desired range of motion. [8] In addition, kinematics applies algebraic geometry to the study of the mechanical advantage of a mechanical system or mechanism.
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
One may compare linear motion to general motion. In general motion, a particle's position and velocity are described by vectors, which have a magnitude and direction. In linear motion, the directions of all the vectors describing the system are equal and constant which means the objects move along the same axis and do not change direction.
The mathematical description of motion, or kinematics, is based on the idea of specifying positions using numerical coordinates. Movement is represented by these numbers changing over time: a body's trajectory is represented by a function that assigns to each value of a time variable the values of all the position coordinates.
All points in the body have the same component of the velocity along the axis, however the greater the distance from the axis the greater the velocity in the plane perpendicular to this axis. Thus, the helicoidal field formed by the velocity vectors in a moving rigid body flattens out the further the points are radially from the twist axis.
Kinematic vectors in plane polar coordinates. Notice the setup is not restricted to 2d space, but a plane in any higher dimension. The term r φ ˙ 2 {\displaystyle r{\dot {\varphi }}^{2}} is sometimes referred to as the centripetal acceleration , and the term 2 r ˙ φ ˙ {\displaystyle 2{\dot {r}}{\dot {\varphi }}} as the Coriolis acceleration .
Line segments and Euclidean vectors are parallel if they have the same direction or opposite direction (not necessarily the same length). [1] Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate. [2] Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geometry is a special instance of this type of geometry.
Since the velocity of the object is the derivative of the position graph, the area under the line in the velocity vs. time graph is the displacement of the object. (Velocity is on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Multiplying the velocity by the time, the time cancels out, and only displacement remains.)