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  2. Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

    Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [1] [2] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most ...

  3. Hydroxyl radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyl_radical

    The hydroxyl radical can damage virtually all types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, nucleic acids , lipids (lipid peroxidation) and amino acids (e.g. conversion of Phe to m-Tyrosine and o-Tyrosine). The hydroxyl radical has a very short in vivo half-life of approximately 10 −9 seconds and a high reactivity. [5]

  4. Trivalent group 14 radicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivalent_group_14_radicals

    A trivalent group 14 radical (also known as a trivalent tetrel radical) is a molecule that contains a group 14 element (E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) with three bonds and a free radical, having the general formula of R 3 E•. Such compounds can be categorized into three different types, depending on the structure (or equivalently the orbital in which ...

  5. Fenton's reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenton's_reagent

    The free radicals generated by this process engage in secondary reactions. For example, the hydroxyl is a powerful, non-selective oxidant. [6] Oxidation of an organic compound by Fenton's reagent is rapid and exothermic and results in the oxidation of contaminants to primarily carbon dioxide and water.

  6. Dissociation (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociation_(chemistry)

    Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.

  7. Benson group increment theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benson_group_increment_theory

    [7] [8] Ansylyn and Dougherty explained in simple terms how the group increments, or Benson increments, are derived from experimental calculations. [9] By calculating the ΔΔ f H between extended saturated alkyl chains (which is just the difference between two Δ f H values), as shown in the table, one can approximate the value of the C−(C ...

  8. Category:Free radicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Free_radicals

    Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Pages in category "Free radicals" ... Free radical; Radical (chemistry) * Disposable soma theory of aging ...

  9. Free-radical addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-radical_addition

    Chain propagation: A radical reacts with a non-radical to produce a new radical species; Chain termination: Two radicals react with each other to create a non-radical species; In a free-radical addition, there are two chain propagation steps. In one, the adding radical attaches to a multiply-bonded precursor to give a radical with lesser bond ...