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  2. Classical school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_school_(criminology)

    In criminology, the classical school usually refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and indirectly through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal," in the causes ...

  3. Raffaele Garofalo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele_Garofalo

    He was a student of Cesare Lombroso, often regarded as the father of criminology. He rejected the doctrine of free will (which was the main tenet of the Classical School) and supported the position that crime can be understood only if it is studied by scientific methods. He attempted to formulate a sociological definition of crime that would ...

  4. Positivist school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Positivist_school_(criminology)

    In general terms, positivism rejected the Classical Theory's reliance on free will and sought to identify positive causes that determined the propensity for criminal behaviour. The Classical School of Criminology believed that the punishment against a crime, should in fact fit the crime and not be immoderate.

  5. Anarchist criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchist_criminology

    Eugene McLaughlin argues that anarchist criminology furnishes criminologists with "an uncompromising critique of law, power and the state; the promise of un-coercive social relationships; the possibility of alternative forms of dispute settlement and harm reduction; a form of political intervention that may be appropriate to an increasingly ...

  6. Right realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_Realism

    Right realism, in criminology, also known as New Right Realism, Neo-Classicism, Neo-Positivism, or Neo-Conservatism, is the ideological polar opposite of left realism.It considers the phenomenon of crime from the perspective of political conservatism and asserts that it takes a more realistic view of the causes of crime and deviance, and identifies the best mechanisms for its control.

  7. Left realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_realism

    Writing years later, Jock Young summed up critical criminology's criticism of establishment criminology by saying The essential flaw of establishment criminology is, of course, the attempt to explain crime without touching upon reality, constantly to distance explanation from basic social and economic problems of a divided society.

  8. Italian school of criminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_school_of_criminology

    Classical thinkers accepted the legal definition of crime uncritically; crime is what the law says it is. This appeared to be rather arbitrary and "unscientific" to Garofalo (like the British-American system of linear measurement) who wanted to anchor the definition of crime in something natural (like tying linear measurement to the ...

  9. Postmodernist school (criminology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernist_school...

    The postmodernist school in criminology applies postmodernism to the study of crime and criminals. It is based on an understanding of "criminality" as a product of the use of power to limit the behaviour of those individuals excluded from power, but who try to overcome social inequality and behave in ways which the power structure prohibits.