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The Black Death was the second great natural disaster to strike Europe during the Late Middle Ages (the first one being the Great Famine of 1315–1317) and is estimated to have killed 30% to 60% of the European population, as well as approximately 33% of the population of the Middle East.
The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe (Simon & Schuster, 2010) Hatcher, John. Plague, Population, and the English Economy, 1348–1530 (1977). Herlihy, David. The Black Death and the Transformation of the West (1997). Hilton, R. H. The English Peasantry in the Late Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon, 1974) Horrox, Rosemay, ed.
Man playing chess with death in a c. 1480 mural by Albertus Pictor in Täby church in Sweden. Much of the most useful manifestations of the Black Death in literature and to historians comes from the accounts of its chroniclers; contemporary accounts are often the only real way to get a sense of the horror of living through a disaster on such a scale.
Aberth, John From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, Plague, War and Death in the Later Middle Ages, 2000, ISBN 978-0-415-92715-4 – Chapter 1, dealing with the Great Famine, is available online. Bridbury, A. R. (1977). "Before the Black Death". The Economic History Review. 30 (3): 393– 410. doi:10.2307/2594875. JSTOR 2594875.
1346-1353 spread of the Black Death. The Black Death was present in the Middle East between 1347 and 1349. [1] The Black Death in the Middle East is described more closely in the Mamluk Sultanate, and to a lesser degree in Marinid Sultanate of Morocco, the Sultanate of Tunis, and the Emirate of Granada, while information of it in Iran and the Arabian Peninsula is lacking. [1]
The persecution of Jews during the Black Death consisted of a series of violent mass attacks and massacres. Jewish communities were often blamed for outbreaks of the Black Death in Europe . From 1348-1351, acts of violence were committed in Toulon , Barcelona , Erfurt , Basel , Frankfurt , Strasbourg and elsewhere.
The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease hit somewhere once every five or six years from 1350 to 1490. [39] Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, [40] reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. [41]
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348. It was the first and most severe manifestation of the second pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria. The term Black Death was not used until the late 17th century.